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Grammar 文法 wén fɑ̌
*Short Form “jiɑ̌n chēng” (簡稱) of Subjects and Countries

1. Subject is “kē mù” (科目) in Putonghua. We can still understand the meaning of “kē” as subject even when we take away the “mù” from “kē mù”. Chinese short form is common in use, for example,“tǐ yù (體育)” is the short form of “ tǐ néng jiɑ̀o yù ; 體能教育” (P.E. is the short form of Physical Education).

2. “guó 國” is the short form of “ guó jiɑ̄ 國家”(country).

3. “zhōng guó ; 中國” is the short form of “ zhōng huɑ́ rén mín gòng hé guó 中華人民共和國” (China is the short form of “The People’s Republic of China”).

4. “ měi guó 美國” is the short form of “ měi lì jiɑ̄n hé zhòng guó 美利堅合眾國” (U.S.A. is the short form of “The United States of America”).

5. “ xiɑ̄ng gɑ̌ng tè qū 香港特區” is the short form of “ xiɑ̄ng gɑ̌ng tè bié xíng zhèng qū 香港特別行政區” (HKSAR is the short form of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).